Earth: Figure and Movements Earth is a spherical planet

Earth: Figure and Movements Earth is a spherical planet. 

 Its shape is Oblate Splheroid / Ellipoid.  Because it has an equatorial diameter of 2756 km and a movie diameter of 12713 km.  M.  Is, therefore, slightly pinched at the poles and slightly upturned at the equator.  

The equatorial circumference is 4007s km2 and the equatorial circumference is 40000 km. 

The total area of ​​the earth is 51,01,00,500 km, of which 36,13,00,000 (719%) is water area and 14,84,00,000 km (29%) is land area. 

 The earth has two motions.  1, rotation or daily motion and 2.  Orbit or annual motion .

 

1) Rotation

The earth rotates on its axis from west to east.  It causes day and night.  The direction of wind and ocean currents changes. 

 As a result, tides arise.  It takes 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds to complete one cycle.

 2) Revolution

 The earth's orbit around the sun is called orbit. 

Orbital time is 365 days 5 hours 47 minutes and 45.51 seconds.  Usually it is called a year.  Thus every four years the number of days is increased to 366 days.  This is called a leap year, which has a day of February 29. 

The orbit of the earth is longitudinal, so the distance between the sun and the earth is not the same throughout the year.  The imaginary line connecting Apsore and Upsore passes through the center of the Sun, called the Apside line, which is called the Aphelion (1521 lakh km). 

 The earth bends 23.5 પર on its axis and forms an angle of 66.3 As a result of the orbit, the sun's rays do not remain uniform on the earth all year round, resulting in seasonal changes.

Latitude, longitude and timing Latitude 

In the Southern Hemisphere, 23.5 latitude is the Tropic of Capricorn. 

 Latitude, longitude and timing Latitude Imaginary lines drawn horizontally on the globe are called latitudes.  

The 0 ° latitude line is called the equator.  Which passes through the center of the earth. 

 The northern hemisphere is known as the northern hemisphere from 0 to 90 latitude above the equator and the southern hemisphere from 0 to 90 નીચે below the equator to the south pole.  

The latitude is exactly about 11 km.  The total number of latitudes is 181.  (Arctic Circle) PR4 89.  In the Northern Hemisphere, 23.5 latitude is the Tropic of Cancer and 66.5 '.  And 66.5 latitude is called the Antarctic Circle. 

 The length of the latitude from the equator to the poles decreases due to the round shape of the earth.

longitudes

In determining the time of any position of the earth on the basis of longitude, the distance between the longitudes is called Gore in the universal language - as the earth rotates from west to east, the time of the east is ahead. Longitude: 

 The maximum distance between longitudes is at the equator.  (111.32 km) and becomes zero at the well.  Get there at one point.  The imaginary line passing through the Greenwich Observatory near London is called the longitude.  

All longitudes up to 180  east of it are called west longitude and all longitudes up to 180  west are called west longitude. Thus the total longitude is 360 •. It takes the earth 24 hours to reach.

 • 360..  The HIRI GMT (Greenwich Meridian Time) is called the standard timeline.

***.   Scheduling   .***

Standard Time: 

Locations on different longitudes vary in time, so large countries have large distances between locations, so the local time of longitude passing through the center of a country is generally considered the standard time of the whole country.

India's Standard Time (IST) is based on 82.3 East.  

Which passes through a place called Nani near Mahabad.  Which is 5 hours 30 minutes from Greenwich.  (IST) The line passes through the five states of India, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.  

zuiderozlu falakul (International Date Line): 

1884 At the International Meridium Conference held in Washington in 1884, 180 "longitude was defined as an international date line.  Because the IDL passes through the Pacific Ocean in the Arctic Ocean, the Bering Strait. 

• The world is divided into 24 time zones: 1 in Russia, 7 in the United States, and 3 in Australia.

Change of day and night and change of seasons

 The earth is tilted 23.5 on its axis and the sun revolves in a monotonous way.  

Hence the rays of the sun all over the earth in September is called Autumns - Equinox.  In the same way in the Southern Hemisphere it is called autumn-convergence and spring-convergence respectively. 

On June 21 the condition of the earth is as follows.  So that the northern hemisphere falls slightly closer to the sun.  As a result, the sun's rays fall directly on the equator.  Called the Summer Solstice. 

 The northern hemisphere has summer during this time.  The days are long and the nights are short.  The southern hemisphere has winter.  The day is small and the night is big.

  On December 22, the sun's rays fall directly on Capricorn.  Because then the position of the earth is such that the southern hemisphere is closer to the sun.  

Which is called Capricorn.  During this time the Southern Hemisphere has summer and the day is long and the night is short, while the Northern Hemisphere has winter, where the day is short and the night is long.  

 On March 21 and September 22, the Earth's position is such that the sun's rays fall perpendicular to the equator, and the day and night are the same everywhere.  It is called Equinox. 

Eclipse 

Solar Eclipse:

 • When the moon comes between the earth and the sun, the sun is not fully visible. This condition is called solar eclipse.  When no part of the sun is clearly visible it is called a partial solar eclipse and when the whole sun is not clearly visible for a while it is called a total solar eclipse.  A total solar eclipse always occurs on the day of Amas.

  Lunar Eclipse:

 • When the earth comes between the moon and the sun, the sun's light does not fall on the moon which is called lunar eclipse.  Lunar eclipses can also be partial or complete as above.  Lunar eclipses always occur on the full moon.